2019 Renovation Costs Per Square Foot

A cost breakdown on materials, labor, and permits for your home remodel

A good starting point to budget for a full-home remodel in NYC ranges from $100 to $200 per square foot (psf), according to general contractors from Sweeten, a free service matching homeowners with vetted general contractors. These estimated costs per square foot are for the entire home (including materials) averaged across both “wet” spaces (baths and kitchens), as well as “dry” spaces (living rooms, bedrooms, offices, etc).

Here’s a breakdown of typical starting costs:

• Full-home renovation in NYC: $100—$200 psf
  • Dry spaces: $30—$50 psf
  • Wet spaces: Baths start at $400 psf; kitchens start at $300 psf
• Gut remodel with stock materials: $100—$200 psf
• Non-gut remodel with stock materials: $100 psf
• Gut remodel with customization: $200—$300 psf
• Non-gut remodel with customization: $200 psf
• Structural factors, extensive customization: $300 psf and up
• Plumbing permits: up to $2,000 and as high as $5,000
• Electrical permits: $900
• Asbestos inspection: $500—$1,000
  

The cost for a gut renovation vs. a non-gut

When gut renovating a whole home, the building’s current conditions, alteration requirements, spatial challenges, and range of material selections should be considered.

The term “gut renovation” is often used informally for any project where all of the visible surfaces in a room are replaced, but technically, in a gut renovation, interior walls are stripped down to the studs and framing, or knocked out entirely.

A gut will start at the higher end of the $100 to $200 psf range, while a renovation in which you redo the space within the existing walls will be on the lower end. For example, in a 700-square-foot, one-bedroom apartment, a renovation will come in around the $50,000 to $70,000 range, while a gut renovation will likely exceed $100,000.

The non-gut renovation may involve a new kitchen and bath, as well as refinishing flooring, replastering, and painting, plus upgrades in materials and finishes. The gut renovation will include the above as well as more extensive work such as replacing walls, installing new piping and wiring systems, moving doorways, and installing all new flooring.

Given that New York City apartments vary widely and can present unique challenges, a per-square-foot estimate is really a ballpark figure for you to get started. Here’s an overview:

Basic costs for a home renovation

When estimating price per square foot, the scope of work usually includes the following:

• Basic demolition
  
• Framing: the skeletal, load-bearing structure to which the interior walls and other systems are attached
  
• Insulation and drywall
  
• Wiring, including outlets and switches
  
• Plumbing
  
• Heating/cooling systems
  
• All visible materials and fixtures in kitchens and baths (described below)
  

You’ll notice this doesn’t include appliances. Also, the choices you make in the visible materials—such as tile, flooring, millwork, paint, lighting fixtures, electronics, and other finishes—can significantly affect the price of your renovation.

At the $100 to $200 psf range, for example, materials are generally prefabricated or stock items and in finishes that are available at common retail outlets. Cabinets in this price range will usually be made of MDF (medium-density fiberboard). Tiling will run under $10 psf. Lighting will be standard but solid basics, while hardware can be as low as a few dollars apiece. You’ll be able to include solid wood floors, but they may be shorter and narrower planks made of less expensive woods. The work will be careful, clean, and well-installed at this level, whereas projects completed for under $150 may show subpar labor and obvious shortcuts.

Next, at $200 to $300 psf, there is some customization on details such as joints, millwork, and hardware. Cabinets in this price range are custom or semi-custom and can include built-ins. You’ll also see natural stone or desirable man-made countertops such as Caesarstone or Corian at this level, as well as solid, wide-planked hardwood flooring. Projects at this price point are not usually gut renovations, but rather remodels that focus on the space within the existing walls.

One thing to note in 2019: The cost of some raw materials has gone up—lumber, aluminum, and stainless steel—due to rising tariffs and the trade war with China. Additionally, freight costs have risen due to new carrier regulations.

What you’ll get for $300 per square foot and higher

If you are paying $300 psf or above, chances are there may be factors like layout changes or structural work, such as combining apartments. Moving walls, adding staircases, shifting gas and plumbing, and electrical rewiring all contribute to a higher per-square-foot cost, as well as add to the behind-the-scenes expenditures (more on that below). Since pricing for kitchens and baths runs higher than other rooms, more of those equal a higher price per square foot. For example, renovating a 1,000-square-foot apartment that has three bathrooms will be more expensive than an apartment of the same size with just one bathroom.

At this level and beyond, you can expect to see more extensive customization, fine finishes, and luxurious materials such as handmade tile, exotic wood grains, natural stone, and bespoke millwork details that complement the home’s architecture. You might also see custom door casements and extensive lighting details at this level. There won’t be much in the way of off-the-shelf materials, and the workmanship should be top-notch. Renovations that hit all of these notes can easily run over $500 psf.

Budget for permits, design, and everything behind-the-scenes

1.) Design

Depending on your general contractor and your level of involvement in the project, you may also need/want professional design services. There are other scenarios in which an architect is required, including to apply for permits, navigate a complicated approval system, or meet insurance coverage requirements. Architects can charge a flat fee or a percentage of the total project. Another option is a design/build firm, which combines design and construction services within one fee and contract. In these cases, the firm’s principal is capable of both aspects of the job, or a dedicated designer is on staff or on retainer.

2.) Building and city requirements

If you live in a co-op or condo building, you’ll likely need to submit your plans—thus necessitating an architect—to your building’s board. Co-ops generally are stricter about renovations than condo buildings, though many condos are now adopting more stringent rules as well. Buildings have their own requirements; some may call for insurance coverage minimums. Some alteration agreements require a security deposit to cover the possible scope of damage and may also request you pay the fees incurred by the condo or co-op board to review and approve your plan. You may find that contractors who can afford to work in buildings with more extensive specifications tend to have higher operating costs in order to meet higher insurance requisites.

The NYC Department of Buildings requires that you obtain permits for many types of construction work, including plumbing, electrical, and various inspections depending on the existing and planned space. Permits can add up: an electrical permit can run close to $900, plumbing permits can cost up to $2,000 and as high as $5,000, and an asbestos inspection can be $500.

3.) Demolition and site prep

Depending on the state of the original space, you may need to do extensive preparatory work after demolition but before any installation can begin. Older apartments will almost always require stripping, leveling, and plastering. Uneven floors and walls must be leveled before cabinets can be hung, doors framed, or tiling installed. These costs are determined by the general contractor once they have a chance to examine your space.

4.) Overhead costs

In contrast to the costs attached to the visible material aspects of your renovation, pricing for the many “unseen” costs can be more difficult for the average homeowner to anticipate. While labor is a clear one, you should take into account that different forms of labor can be priced very differently. Wiring and plumbing work, for example, tends to be expensive. And over the past year, master plumbers and electricians have seen costs go up, “primarily due to the safety measures and certifications that have been imposed on these trades by the Department of Buildings,” said Sweeten general contractor Alex.

Plumbing for each fixture generally runs between $1,500 to $2,000 a piece in New York City, so it will cost at least $5,000 for a licensed plumber to run new lines for a sink, toilet, and bathtub. In general contracting, skim coating, a technique that hides a wall’s uneven appearance and imperfections, and gives the smoothest surface possible, is the most expensive type of labor. In some cases, it can be more affordable to tear down old walls and put up new drywall.

Additionally, you should note that from the contractor’s perspective, “labor” on the budget proposal may include not only the hourly rate they pay their workers, but also insurance, license, and other overhead fees that keep their business running. (Contractors typically take home about 10-15 percent profit—for example, if they do $2 million worth of business this year, they are netting about $200k.) Insurances and other costs of running a business increase year over year, and while the costs are not passed 1:1 to the client, contractors must raise prices to maintain operations. Some show a specific line on the budget for profit/overhead, while others build it into other budget lines.

Tips on how to budget your renovation

Once you’ve accounted for each line item in your budget, allocate an additional 10 to 15 percent as a cushion. Projects can run over budget as a result of unforeseen circumstances, so it’s good to err on the safe side.

Many factors go into the per-square-foot estimates. If you’re trying to come up with a plan to match your budget, here are some tips from contractors and renovators:

Mix high and low: This refers to materials, which should be selected for maximum impact. You may choose a handmade tile for the kitchen backsplash while sticking to an off-the-shelf option for the second bath. Make a custom statement where it will really get noticed, and use standard materials where it won’t.

Don’t skimp on plumbing and electrical infrastructure: While these aspects probably won’t garner any compliments at your dinner party, you still need licensed and qualified experts for these jobs. If you don’t, there may be pricey problems to deal with in the long run.

Focus on kitchens and baths: Spend your money here! These rooms have the most resale value potential.

Consult experts upfront: If you are inclined to hire an architect or designer for a major transformation, getting them onboard early may help to save money on your project by mapping out a clear plan to avoid changes mid-stream. Set aside 15 to 20 percent of your budget for this professional. In general, hiring licensed professionals early is a cost-effective way to prevent insurance headaches later on by using their expertise to avoid mistakes which can lead to delays.

Not sure how to start your renovation? Click here for Sweeten’s six steps on planning your remodel and how to find a vetted general contractor.

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Sweeten handpicks the best general contractors to match each project’s location, budget, and scope, helping until project completion. Follow the blog for renovation ideas and inspiration and when you’re ready to renovate, start your renovation on Sweeten.